Head of UNK Julius Borisov about the styles of modern Moscow, functionalism and the main aspects of changes in the architecture of the capital in a few years
-which architectural styles dominate among residential buildings built in Moscow in the last years?
– There are several main directions. Firstly, expensive housing in the historical center of the capital is still built in a neoclassical style using in decoration of natural stone facades with interspersed of valuable metals. The second direction is high -rise, tower construction, where a large amount of glass, a variety of metals, as well as fiber cement panels are used. Such buildings can be attributed to a modern style. We also have parametric architecture. This is a style of intricate organic forms, where elements of structures are interconnected based on complex mathematical calculations.
And the last, new direction for Moscow is futuristic architecture. It appeared thanks to the regulators: today we are no longer focusing on Europe, but on Asia, from where this trend came. An example is the new project of the Olympic sports complex (in the photo above), which is already being built. However, now there are quite a few projects at the development stage, including residential ones, in a parametric style, but we will see them only after 3-4 years.
-What factors affect the popularity of one or another style in architecture? Fashion, technology or something else?
– Technologies undoubtedly affect architecture. However, using the most modern technologies, you can make a classic facade. The opposite, of course, is more difficult, but also possible. At all times and in all countries, architecture, as well as fashion in clothing and literature, primarily affects the mood of society, which sometimes significantly affects the preferences of specific people: the leaders of the city, the country.
For example, in the USSR there were periods of constructivism, the Stalinist Empire, functionalism, after perestroika, one can recall the “Luzhkovsky” style, when a lot of houses “with turrets” were built. The “Luzhkovsky” style was replaced by modern functionalism, now the direction that the chief architect of Moscow Sergei Kuznetsov called “Emo-Tech” is actively developing. This style includes a soaring bridge in the Zaryadye park (in the photo above) or the gymnastics palace in Luzhniki. Such architecture is less utilitarian and causes many emotions.
– How does the place on the architecture of the building affect? For example, you worked on the project of the LCD “Homeland Park”. How did the surrounding development affect the style of the complex? Is it possible to build a completely different style building in this place?
– I think that it was possible to build a building in a completely different style. But when the developer and I thought about this project (in the photo below), the main questions for us were: “What people will settle in this project and for what reason they will choose it?” And we tried to make the widest product for different categories of people. Some want silence and chamber, others – activity and movement. And we, creating a project, tried to take into account the interests of both of them. For example, on the part of the park there is low -rise housing for family people, closer to suburban construction, and high -rise houses for young and dynamic houses along Vereyskaya Street. But all the project buildings have a common design code.
-which style can be attributed Park “? This style can be called modern functionalism, but, probably, this is not a very correct concept. As in clothes. Suppose Zara is what style …?! Just comfortable modern clothes.
– Then, if I understood correctly, the architecture of most modern complexes, including the “homeland of the park”, is dictated by functionality. And it turns out that the function is primary, not beauty?
– Not quite so … Steve Jobs said: “Design is not the way the subject looks, but how it works.” However, from the point of view of design, its products are perfect. For example, we have Plaza (in the photo below) – the front door of the entire complex with a canopy that protects passengers approaching cars. But at the same time, the canopy is made in a complex biometric form that is remembered by people. Thanks to such elements, homeowners will proudly say that they live in this house. And this is already the mental task of the “Plaza”, which, in my opinion, is fully fulfilled.
My childhood passed in a panel house, so I am not familiar with the feeling of “my house.” I lived in a box, there was the same box nearby, and behind it – another 20 are the same … And our residential complex has its own face, its character. And the children, when they grow up, proudly remember the house in which their childhood passed.
-you can predict what will happen to architectural styles in 5-10 years?
-Now there is an emphasis on futurism, and I think that in the near future, firstly, they will begin to use more glass. If today in high-rise construction it accounts for 50%, then gradually the share of this material in structures will grow to 80-90%. In fact, only the frame will remain metal.
Secondly, the atrias of buildings will definitely change. If for a long time we built, conditionally, boxes with flat roofs and walls, then in the future of five years there will be many residential buildings with free form: elliptical, bionic and others. Well, thirdly, since the city opened the height indicators, it is worth expecting a significant increase in the number of storeys of buildings behind the third ring. True, from my point of view, it is not endless, but it will limit the height not technological or economic opportunities, but the climate. In Moscow, there is often low cloud cover, and it is unlikely that anyone will want to constantly observe the window of a dense fog. Therefore, the most acceptable height of the buildings for us is about 250 meters, it will not be very reasonable to build above.
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